Sunday, October 21, 2012
2012MFA-MADJU-235-0409
Question 1
1 out of 1 points
A workhouse, created for employment and housing in London during the 16th century, is called:
Answer
Selected Answer:
bridewell.
Question 2
1 out of 1 points
What did the Christian church call a place of seclusion that is conducive to penitence for offenders?
Answer
Selected Answer:
The sanctuary
Question 3
1 out of 1 points
__________________ is the custom of atonement for wrongs by payment to appease the victim's family or tribe.
Answer
Selected Answer:
Lex salica
Question 4
1 out of 1 points
Corrections is an important field of study because of all the following EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
declining use of prisons.
Question 5
0 out of 1 points
Who argued that that the crime rate would go down if the amount of punishment were carefully calibrated to deter potential offenders and maximize pleasure?
Answer
Selected Answer:
John Howard
Question 6
1 out of 1 points
Sir Thomas More refused to accept which of the following statements that resulted in his death?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Unification of the Church and State.
Question 7
0 out of 1 points
England transported many offender populations to America and Australia.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 8
1 out of 1 points
The most common forms of state punishment over the centuries have been death and corporal punishment.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 9
0.5 out of 1 points
Match each code of law listed in Column 1 to the code's correctional ideology in Column 2.
Column 1 Column 2
1. Code of Draco a. Punishment sought confessions and repentance
2. Sumerian Code b. Same penalties for citizens and slaves
3. Christian Codes (Inquisition) c. Penalties should fit the crime
4. Roman Code d. Penalties based on vengeance
Answer
Question Selected Match
1
B.
D
2
A.
B
3
C.
A
4
D.
C
Question 10
0 out of 1 points
Penn's Great Law was founded on religious principles and focuses largely on religious offenses.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 11
1 out of 1 points
The infliction of physical pain upon an offender is called corporal punishment.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 12
1 out of 1 points
This idea assumes that individuals choose their actions, good or bad, and thus can be held fully responsible for them.
Answer
Selected Answer:
Free will
Question 13
1 out of 1 points
________________ is recognized as the founder of the Classical School of criminology.
Answer
Selected Answer:
Cesare Beccaria
Question 14
1 out of 1 points
The Hospice of San Michele is generally recognized as one of the first institutions to handle juvenile offenders exclusively.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 15
1 out of 1 points
Personal retaliation was the earliest remedy for wrongs to persons and property.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 16
0 out of 1 points
A complete loss of citizenship and liberty, confiscation of property, and release of a spouse to remarry is called:
Answer
Selected Answer:
lex talionis.
Question 17
1 out of 1 points
The doctrine that the aim of all action should be the greatest pleasure for the largest number of citizens is called:
Answer
Selected Answer:
utilitarianism.
Question 18
1 out of 1 points
What was the first set of codified laws based on vengeance?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Sumerian Code
Question 19
0.25 out of 1 points
Match each philosopher listed in Column 1 to the correctional ideology in Column 2.
Column 1 Column 2
1. John Howard a. Classical School of Criminology
2. William Penn b. Hedonistic Calculus
3. Jeremy Bentham c. Great Law
4. Cesare Beccaria d. Improving sanitary conditions in places of detention
Answer
Question Selected Match
1
C.
B
2
A.
D
3
D.
A
4
B.
C
Question 20
1 out of 1 points
Corporal and capital punishment were not popular during the Age of Enlightenment.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 21
0 out of 1 points
_______________ was the first punishment imposed by society and heralded the beginning of criminal law as we know it.
Answer
Selected Answer: Probation
Question 22
0 out of 1 points
St. Thomas Aquinas differentiated three types of law (1) external law, (2) internal law, and (3) social law.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 23
1 out of 1 points
__________ distinguished among three laws: eternal law, natural law and human law.
Answer
Selected Answer:
Thomas Aquinas
Question 24
1 out of 1 points
Which of the following philosophers developed the hedonistic calculus?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Jeremy Bentham
Question 25
0 out of 1 points
Cruel and barbarous punishment has been founded in all of the following notions EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
repay society.
Question 1
1 out of 1 points
Penn's Great Law abolished capital punishment.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 2
1 out of 1 points
Rehabilitation was a major goal of punishment in the early history of corrections.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 3
0 out of 1 points
________________ suggested that criminal laws should be organized so that the punishment for any act would outweigh the pleasure that would be derived from the act.
Answer
Selected Answer:
Cesare Beccaria
Question 4
0 out of 1 points
The Quakers were the first to develop a "House of Corrections."
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 5
1 out of 1 points
St. Thomas Aquinas differentiated three types of law (1) external law, (2) internal law, and (3) social law.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 6
1 out of 1 points
The most common forms of state punishment over the centuries have been death and corporal punishment.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 7
0 out of 1 points
A complete loss of citizenship and liberty, confiscation of property, and release of a spouse to remarry is called:
Answer
Selected Answer:
getting right with God.
Question 8
1 out of 1 points
The Code of Draco created separate codes for citizens and slaves.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 9
1 out of 1 points
What did the Christian church call a place of seclusion that is conducive to penitence for offenders?
Answer
Selected Answer:
The sanctuary
Question 10
0 out of 1 points
Who argued that that the crime rate would go down if the amount of punishment were carefully calibrated to deter potential offenders and maximize pleasure?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Count Bridewell
Question 11
0 out of 1 points
A form of personal retaliation where the victim s family takes revenge on the offender's family is called:
Answer
Selected Answer:
friedensgeld.
Question 12
1 out of 1 points
__________ distinguished among three laws: eternal law, natural law and human law.
Answer
Selected Answer:
Thomas Aquinas
Question 13
1 out of 1 points
A _______________ is a birdcage-like instrument placed over an offender's head that extends iron spikes into the offender s mouth to prevent movement.
Answer
Selected Answer:
brank
Question 14
1 out of 1 points
Penn's Great Law was founded on religious principles and focuses largely on religious offenses.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 15
0 out of 1 points
The practice of paying restitution for crimes to the Crown, in addition to victims, was known as:
Answer
Selected Answer:
wergeld.
Question 16
1 out of 1 points
Corporal and capital punishment were not popular during the Age of Enlightenment.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 17
1 out of 1 points
What was the first set of codified laws based on vengeance?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Sumerian Code
Question 18
0 out of 1 points
The notion of free will suggests that offenders are influenced by internal and social factors that predispose them to criminal behavior.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 19
1 out of 1 points
A workhouse, created for employment and housing in London during the 16th century, is called:
Answer
Selected Answer:
bridewell.
Question 20
0 out of 1 points
The extensive use of capital and corporal punishment during the Middle Ages reflected a belief that punishment would __________.
Answer
Selected Answer:
lower the crime rates.
Question 21
0 out of 1 points
Outlawry was the first punishment imposed by society.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 22
0 out of 1 points
Bentham's writings were adapted into the French Penal Code (1810).
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 23
0 out of 1 points
_______________ was the first punishment imposed by society and heralded the beginning of criminal law as we know it.
Answer
Selected Answer: death penalty
Question 24
0 out of 1 points
Cruel and barbarous punishment has been founded in all of the following notions EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
retaliation against offender.
Question 25
1 out of 1 points
The infliction of physical pain upon an offender is called corporal punishment.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 1
0 out of 1 points
The Auburn system's structural design served as the model of prisons built for the next 150 years.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 2
0 out of 1 points
The Crofton system is based upon biblical scriptures.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 3
1 out of 1 points
Who was the first director of the Federal Bureau of Prisons?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Sanford Bates
Question 4
0 out of 1 points
The prison population increased since 1960 due to all of the following factors EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
media and special interest groups.
Question 5
1 out of 1 points
Sanford Bates was the first director of the Federal Bureau of Prisons.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 6
0 out of 1 points
Prison riots and other disturbances increased when prisons became "total institutions."
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 7
0 out of 1 points
Prison cells that do not touch the outside walls of the cell block are known as:
Answer
Selected Answer:
internal cells.
Question 8
1 out of 1 points
Maconochie's principles are based on all of the following EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
release from prison should be based on time served.
Question 9
0 out of 1 points
The Crofton system consisted of a series of stages based on the degree of discipline needed to control the offender in prison.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 10
0 out of 1 points
The industrial revolution had little impact on the American prison system.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 11
0 out of 1 points
Which of the following statements does NOT characterize the reformatory at Elmira?
Answer
Selected Answer:
A goal was to reform youths.
Question 12
0 out of 1 points
The industrial prison was stopped due to all of the following EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
the Great Depression.
Question 13
0 out of 1 points
The Auburn prison system is characterized by all of the following concepts EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
a prison system almost the opposite of the Eastern Penitentiary.
Question 14
1 out of 1 points
The number of prisoners in custody grew from 320,000 in 1980 to more than 1.5 million in 2010.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 15
1 out of 1 points
The Modern Era in prisons began in the 1960s.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 16
1 out of 1 points
Hallmarks to prisons in the 1960s include all of the following EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
solitary living conditions.
Question 17
1 out of 1 points
Prison industries that provide extensive work for convicts experience relatively few riots.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 18
1 out of 1 points
Prison cells attached to a corridor with the back of the cell extending outward towards a peripheral wall are known as:
Answer
Selected Answer:
outside cells.
Question 19
1 out of 1 points
The 1960s saw the civil rights movement, assassinations of political figures, and an unpopular war created societal pressure that was also felt in prison.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 20
0 out of 1 points
All of the following events occurred during the industrial era of prisons EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
the number of inmates increased by 174%.
Question 21
1 out of 1 points
The first reformatory in America was built in Pennsylvania in 1876.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 22
0 out of 1 points
Now that prisons are "total institutions," prison riots are no longer a concern to administration.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 23
1 out of 1 points
The Pennsylvania prison system was adopted extensively across America and eventually came to replace the Auburn system.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 24
0 out of 1 points
The prison population has not increased since the 1960s.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 25
1 out of 1 points
The two major competing concepts or systems of prison designs used within the United States for the majority of the twentieth century were:
Answer
Selected Answer:
the Pennsylvania System and the Auburn System.
Question 1
1 out of 1 points
The two major competing concepts or systems of prison designs used within the United States for the majority of the twentieth century were:
Answer
Selected Answer:
the Pennsylvania System and the Auburn System.
Question 2
1 out of 1 points
Prison industries that provide extensive work for convicts experience relatively few riots.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 3
1 out of 1 points
Who was the first director of the Federal Bureau of Prisons?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Sanford Bates
Question 4
0 out of 1 points
The first reformatory in America was built in Pennsylvania in 1876.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 5
1 out of 1 points
Prison cells that do not touch the outside walls of the cell block are known as:
Answer
Selected Answer:
inside cells.
Question 6
1 out of 1 points
The prison population has not increased since the 1960s.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 7
1 out of 1 points
The Auburn system's structural design served as the model of prisons built for the next 150 years.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 8
1 out of 1 points
Labor unions contributed to the end of the industrial prison.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 9
1 out of 1 points
Two major contributions of the Reformatory Era are indeterminate sentencing and parole.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 10
0 out of 1 points
The prison population increased since 1960 due to all of the following factors EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
fear of crime.
Question 11
1 out of 1 points
The Crofton system is based upon biblical scriptures.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 12
1 out of 1 points
The Auburn prison system is almost opposite to the Eastern Pennsylvania prison system.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 13
1 out of 1 points
Prison riots and other disturbances increased when prisons became "total institutions."
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 14
1 out of 1 points
The industrial prison was stopped due to all of the following EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
court decisions.
Question 15
1 out of 1 points
The number of prisoners in custody grew from 320,000 in 1980 to more than 1.5 million in 2010.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 16
0 out of 1 points
All of the following events occurred during the industrial era of prisons EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
the number of inmates increased by 174%.
Question 17
0 out of 1 points
Most prisons built during the Reformatory Era had all of the following characteristics EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
these prisons abandoned the silent system.
Question 18
1 out of 1 points
Sanford Bates was the first director of the Federal Bureau of Prisons.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 19
0 out of 1 points
The Pennsylvania System is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
solitary confinement.
Question 20
1 out of 1 points
Now that prisons are "total institutions," prison riots are no longer a concern to administration.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 21
0 out of 1 points
Most prisons built during the Reformatory Era had all of the following characteristics EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
these prisons abandoned the silent system.
Question 22
1 out of 1 points
The stages of the ____________ were solitary confinement, special prison, open institutions, and ticket of leave.
Answer
Selected Answer:
Irish system
Question 23
1 out of 1 points
The Crofton system consisted of a series of stages based on the degree of discipline needed to control the offender in prison.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 24
1 out of 1 points
The Modern Era in prisons began in the 1960s.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 25
1 out of 1 points
The two main contributions of the Reformatory Era were:
Answer
Selected Answer:
indeterminate sentencing and parole.
Question 1
1 out of 1 points
Restorative justice believes that victims of crime are not deserving of services.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 2
0 out of 1 points
The amount of money directed to criminal justice agencies has decreased greatly in recent years.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 3
0 out of 1 points
Selective incapacitation has all of the following advantages EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
it is a more effective crime prevention technique.
Question 4
0 out of 1 points
Which of the following is a theory of punishment that argues that the reason for punishment is to stop the specific person and others from doing the same criminal act?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Deterrence
Question 5
0 out of 1 points
The utilitarian view of retaliation argues which of the following?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Punishment has a specific beneficial and social consequence.
Question 6
1 out of 1 points
The reformatory movement was developed in the 1920s and 1930s and sought to have correctional personnel treat criminality as physicians treat disease.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 7
0 out of 1 points
The expiatory view of retaliation argues which of the following?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Punishment has a specific beneficial and social consequence.
Question 8
0 out of 1 points
Retribution as punishment historically began when the state sought retaliation and vengeance on behalf of the individual.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 9
1 out of 1 points
The prevention ideology contains all of the following concepts EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
expulsion from school to target for outside programming.
Question 10
0 out of 1 points
To understand why punishment does not reduce crime, one must understand punishment from the perspective of the offender.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 11
1 out of 1 points
The correctional unit's approach to corrections is shaped by their correctional ideology and the citizens they serve.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 12
0 out of 1 points
Which of the following is a theory of punishment that argues that the reason for punishment is todisable the offender from committing another crime?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Deterrence
Question 13
1 out of 1 points
The theological view of retaliation argues which of the following?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Retaliation fulfills a religious mission.
Question 14
1 out of 1 points
Within the last three decades there has been a shift to indeterminate sentencing.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 15
0 out of 1 points
Correctional ideology is applied in practice in all of the following ways EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
treatment.
Question 16
0 out of 1 points
Chronic offenders tend to commit:
Answer
Selected Answer:
over three-quarters of all rapes.
Question 17
0 out of 1 points
Most correctional ideologies fit into one of the following categories: punishment, treatment, and prevention.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 18
0 out of 1 points
Which of the following statements reflects a reason why it is generally asserted that punishment is NOT effective to reduce crime?
Answer
Selected Answer:
The simple application of force does not necessarily promote compliance to the rules of law.
Question 19
0 out of 1 points
Early penologists found that uniform punishment did not work as well as selective and specialized punishment in prisons for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
Uniform punishment generally results in overpunishment and underpunishment.
Question 20
0 out of 1 points
Both history and science refute the argument that the use of punishment can halt crime.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 21
0 out of 1 points
Which sentencing structure underlies the treatment model?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Mandatory minimum
Question 22
1 out of 1 points
The punishments leveled out by the rules and infractions boards are uniform across offenders.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 23
0 out of 1 points
Restorative justice claims all of the following elements listed below EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
does not allow the victim a voice in the criminal justice process.
Question 24
0 out of 1 points
The theory of disablement sees offenders as disadvantaged, unfortunate persons whose education, training, and discipline have been inadequate.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 25
1 out of 1 points
Selective incapacitation has such a low "false positive" rate that it is a promising area in incapacitation policy and practice.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 1
0 out of 1 points
Selective incapacitation has all of the following advantages EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
it targets scarce correctional resources to specific offenders.
Question 2
1 out of 1 points
For deterrence to work, offenders must be continually reminded of their criminal behavior well beyond the period of sanction.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 3
1 out of 1 points
The aesthetic view of retaliation argues which of the following?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Punishment resolves social discord created by the offense and re-establishes a sense of
harmony through requital.
Question 4
1 out of 1 points
Selective incapacitation has such a low "false positive" rate that it is a promising area in incapacitation policy and practice.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 5
0 out of 1 points
Which of the following is a theory of punishment that argues that the reason for punishment is to stop the specific person and others from doing the same criminal act?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Retaliation
Question 6
1 out of 1 points
Correctional ideology is applied in practice in all of the following ways EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
stigma of conviction.
Question 7
1 out of 1 points
Correctional ideologies shape the way "corrections" is practiced.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 8
1 out of 1 points
Most correctional ideologies fit into one of the following categories: punishment, treatment, and prevention.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 9
0 out of 1 points
Early penologists found that uniform punishment did not work as well as selective and specialized punishment in prisons for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
Uniform punishment generally does not stop with the sanction.
Question 10
1 out of 1 points
Restorative justice believes that victims of crime are not deserving of services.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 11
1 out of 1 points
The prevention ideology contains all of the following concepts EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
expulsion from school to target for outside programming.
Question 12
1 out of 1 points
The correctional unit's approach to corrections is shaped by their correctional ideology and the citizens they serve.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 13
0 out of 1 points
This form of deterrence believes that a sanction deters potential offenders by inflicting suffering on actual offenders.
Answer
Selected Answer:
Specific deterrence
Question 14
1 out of 1 points
Which of the following statements best describes the notion of correctional ideology?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Correctional ideology refers to all practices and procedures that seek to reform offenders.
Question 15
1 out of 1 points
Restorative justice claims all of the following elements listed below EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
crime creates the obligation to make things right.
Question 16
1 out of 1 points
Retribution as punishment historically began when the state sought retaliation and vengeance on behalf of the individual.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 17
1 out of 1 points
This form of deterrence believes that punishing individual offenders prevents their further criminal behavior.
Answer
Selected Answer:
General deterrence
Question 18
0 out of 1 points
The expiatory view of retaliation argues which of the following?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Punishment resolves social discord created by the offense and re-establishes a sense of harmony through requital.
Question 19
1 out of 1 points
Which sentencing structure underlies the treatment model?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Indeterminate
Question 20
1 out of 1 points
Which of the following statements reflects a reason why it is generally asserted that punishment is NOT effective to reduce crime?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Many targets of punishment have a lot to lose from the deprivations and frustrations of punishment.
Question 21
1 out of 1 points
Which of the following is a theory of punishment that argues that the reason for punishment is todisable the offender from committing another crime?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Incapacitation
Question 22
1 out of 1 points
The punishments leveled out by the rules and infractions boards are uniform across offenders.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 23
1 out of 1 points
The theory of disablement sees offenders as disadvantaged, unfortunate persons whose education, training, and discipline have been inadequate.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 24
1 out of 1 points
Both history and science refute the argument that the use of punishment can halt crime.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 25
1 out of 1 points
To understand why punishment does not reduce crime, one must understand punishment from the perspective of the offender.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 1
0 out of 1 points
Which sentencing structure has a fixed term of punishment and requires that an offender serve the full time of the sentence minus good time?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Mandatory minimum
Question 2
1 out of 1 points
Which of the following is NOT one of the sources of pressure in the correctional system that lead to practical problems in sentencing?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Sentencing discrimination
Question 3
0 out of 1 points
A judge uses all of the following tools to make his or her sentencing decisions EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
intuition.
Question 4
0 out of 1 points
The dual purpose of sentencing, to institute punishment and reintegrate the offender, creates a paradox in which a balance must be struck between alternatives that focus on the offender and the offense.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 5
0 out of 1 points
The foundation of civil rights petitions originates in the __________ Amendment.
Answer
Selected Answer:
Third
Question 6
0 out of 1 points
The goals of sentencing reform include all of the following EXCEPT to:
Answer
Selected Answer:
increase fairness.
Question 7
0 out of 1 points
All of the following factors are generally taken into account when prosecutors determine whether or not to dismiss a case from the court system EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
attorneys personal attributes.
Question 8
1 out of 1 points
The sentencing reform movement did not have a noticeable effect on the criminal justice system.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 9
1 out of 1 points
On average, prosecutors bargain away ________ of cases.
Answer
Selected Answer:
50-90%
Question 10
0 out of 1 points
The foundation of civil rights petitions originates in the Fifth Amendment.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 11
0 out of 1 points
The determination of prison terms has gradually moved from the court system to the legislature.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 12
0 out of 1 points
All defendants who come up for sentencing consideration have been convicted of a crime at trial.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 13
0 out of 1 points
In recent years legislatures have increased control over the sentencing process of their state. Which of the following is NOT one of the strategies of legislative control?
Answer
Selected Answer:
The introduction of determinate sentencing
Question 14
0 out of 1 points
The rehabilitation goal of punishment, which dominated the correctional system from 1930 to 1974, was challenged in the early 1970s in all of the following ways EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
concerns about the abuse of discretion by actors in the corrections system.
Question 15
1 out of 1 points
Which of the following sentences is an example of indeterminate sentencing?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Two to ten years
Question 16
1 out of 1 points
In general, judges have adequate facts about the offender when issuing a sentence.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 17
0 out of 1 points
Which of the following is NOT one of the types of suits filed by prison inmates in federal court?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Civil rights
Question 18
0 out of 1 points
________________ is the process of raising additional legal questions in other courts but before case disposition.
Answer
Selected Answer:
Double jeopardy
Question 19
0 out of 1 points
Determinate sentencing limits "judicial imperialism" in sentencing.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 20
0 out of 1 points
Which group constitutes the least represented offenders in state prison?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Violent offenders
Question 21
0 out of 1 points
Sanctions imposed on felony offenders include fines, restitution, mandatory treatment service, and community service.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 22
0 out of 1 points
Which of the following practices would NOT allow correctional decision-makers to unilaterally alleviate their overcrowded prisons?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Indeterminate sentencing
Question 23
0 out of 1 points
Indeterminate sentencing is most consistent with which goal of punishment?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Retribution
Question 24
1 out of 1 points
Studies show that in general, deterrence is effective to dissuade would-be offenders.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 25
1 out of 1 points
A determinate sentencing structure will eliminate the need for a parole board.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 1
1 out of 1 points
The foundation of civil rights petitions originates in the __________ Amendment.
Answer
Selected Answer:
Fourteenth
Question 2
0 out of 1 points
Indeterminate sentencing allows ________________ to control the length of prison time served.
Answer
Selected Answer:
the judge
Question 3
0 out of 1 points
Of the cases that are not dismissed by the prosecutor, most receive the sentence that reflects the original charge.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 4
0 out of 1 points
The prosecutor has wide discretion in determining whether to file charges.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 5
1 out of 1 points
The determination of prison terms has gradually moved from the court system to the legislature.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 6
1 out of 1 points
New goals in the correctional system emerged in the 1970s and 1980s.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 7
0 out of 1 points
The rehabilitation goal of punishment, which dominated the correctional system from 1930 to 1974, was challenged in the early 1970s in all of the following ways EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
political influence on correctional practices, particularly by forwarding a crime control agenda.
Question 8
0 out of 1 points
Which group constitutes the least represented offenders in state prison?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Drug offenders
Question 9
1 out of 1 points
Sanctions imposed on felony offenders include fines, restitution, mandatory treatment service, and community service.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 10
1 out of 1 points
Determinate sentencing limits "judicial imperialism" in sentencing.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 11
0 out of 1 points
The Civil Rights of Institutionalized Persons Act (CRIPA) was enacted by Congress to:
Answer
Selected Answer:
increase the use of writ of habeas corpus by inmates.
Question 12
1 out of 1 points
Which of the following sentences is an example of indeterminate sentencing?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Two to ten years
Question 13
0 out of 1 points
All of the following factors are generally taken into account when prosecutors determine whether or not to dismiss a case from the court system EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
cases strength.
Question 14
1 out of 1 points
On average, prosecutors bargain away ________ of cases.
Answer
Selected Answer:
50-90%
Question 15
1 out of 1 points
Which of the following is NOT one of the sources of pressure in the correctional system that lead to practical problems in sentencing?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Sentencing discrimination
Question 16
0 out of 1 points
Which of the following practices would NOT allow correctional decision-makers to unilaterally alleviate their overcrowded prisons?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Good time policies
Question 17
1 out of 1 points
The sentencing reform movement did not have a noticeable effect on the criminal justice system.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 18
1 out of 1 points
In general, the number of people who get arrested closely resembles the number of people in the correctional system.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 19
0 out of 1 points
The goals of sentencing reform include all of the following EXCEPT to:
Answer
Selected Answer:
lessen discrimination.
Question 20
1 out of 1 points
All defendants who come up for sentencing consideration have been convicted of a crime at trial.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 21
0 out of 1 points
Judicial and administrative sentencing are highly correlated.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 22
1 out of 1 points
A determinate sentencing structure will eliminate the need for a parole board.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 23
1 out of 1 points
Which of the following is NOT one of the types of suits filed by prison inmates in federal court?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Domestic rights
Question 24
1 out of 1 points
Studies show that in general, deterrence is effective to dissuade would-be offenders.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 25
1 out of 1 points
________________ is the process of raising additional legal questions in other courts but before case disposition.
Answer
Selected Answer:
Collateral attack
Question 1
1 out of 1 points
Probation became an official sanction, supported by state statute, in what year?
Answer
Selected Answer:
1878
Question 2
0 out of 1 points
Which type of solution relieves overcrowded prisons by expanding bed space in prisons through renovating existing prisons and/or building new prisons?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Mid-range solutions
Question 3
0 out of 1 points
The Level of Service Inventory-Revised (LSI-R) helps judges and probation departments make more informed decisions on all the following EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
the determination of services needed.
Question 4
0 out of 1 points
The Gagnon v. Scarpelli decision requires that certain due process considerations be provided tothe probationer in a hearing. This decision mandates that states may provide more but cannot provide less than the due process elements indicated in this decision.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 5
0 out of 1 points
Probation is characterized by all of the following statements EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
Recent developments in technology have increased the ability to monitor probationers' behavior.
Question 6
0 out of 1 points
The relationship between the suspended sentence and probation are accurately depicted in all of the following statements EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
a suspended sentence does not require supervision while probation does.
Question 7
0 out of 1 points
Sentencing judges are more likely to impose probation when they determine all of the following evidence about the offender EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
this is the offender's first offense.
Question 8
1 out of 1 points
The first "probation officers" were volunteer welfare workers, court personnel, and part-time personnel service workers.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 9
1 out of 1 points
In general, which of the following does NOT contribute to criminal behavior among probationers?
Answer
Selected Answer:
More extensive pro-social ties to family and peers
Question 10
0 out of 1 points
Which of the following is NOT one of the duties of probation departments?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Restitution management
Question 11
1 out of 1 points
If enough probation revocations build up, a judge may reconsider technical violations and impose an alternative sanction.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 12
1 out of 1 points
Probation is a mid-range solution to reduce overcrowding in prisons.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 13
0 out of 1 points
The roles and services of probation departments are characterized by all of the following statements EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
the role of probation is to provide counseling and rehabilitation.
Question 14
0 out of 1 points
Which type of solution relieves overcrowded prisons through options such as parole, shock probation, good-time credits, education and work-related furloughs, and prerelease to halfway houses?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Brick and mortar solutions
Question 15
0 out of 1 points
Which special condition of probation is most likely to be imposed on probationers?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Restitution to victims
Question 16
0 out of 1 points
Juvenile drug abusers are particularly responsive to family intervention approaches to increase post-conviction abstinence.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 17
1 out of 1 points
The Level of Service Inventory-Revised (LSI-R) evaluates the relative amount of risk and the criminogenic needs of the offender.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 18
0 out of 1 points
Of the main strategies being considered across the nation to reduce overcrowded prisons, which of the following is most likely NOT to be one of them?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Back-end solutions
Question 19
0 out of 1 points
Which of the following conditions is NOT considered a specific term of probation?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Obtaining psychological or psychiatric treatment
Question 20
0 out of 1 points
Felony probation is quite common due, in part, to overcrowded prisons and jails.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 21
0 out of 1 points
The two primary roles of probation can be considered diametrically opposed.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 22
1 out of 1 points
All of the following are target domains on the Level of Service Inventory-Revised (LSI-R) EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
prosocial factors.
Question 23
1 out of 1 points
Probation is the most commonly used correctional sentence.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 24
0 out of 1 points
Which type of solution relieves overcrowded prisons by advocating punishments such as probation, house arrest, electronic monitoring, shock probation, and intensive supervised probation?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Mid-range solutions
Question 25
0 out of 1 points
Probation services are provided through a contract system in some states.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 1
1 out of 1 points
Juvenile drug abusers are particularly responsive to family intervention approaches to increase post-conviction abstinence.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 2
0 out of 1 points
Which of the following conditions is NOT considered a specific term of probation?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Restitution or victim compensation
Question 3
0 out of 1 points
Probationers have general conditions of probation that they must meet. Which of the following conditions is NOT a general condition of probation?
Answer
Selected Answer:
The probationer must remain drug-free.
Question 4
0 out of 1 points
Initially, the use of probation spread more rapidly in the adult court system versus the juvenile court system.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 5
0 out of 1 points
Which type of solution relieves overcrowded prisons through options such as parole, shock probation, good-time credits, education and work-related furloughs, and prerelease to halfway houses?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Brick and mortar solutions
Question 6
1 out of 1 points
The Level of Service Inventory-Revised (LSI-R) helps judges and probation departments make more informed decisions on all the following EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
the amount of restitution to be paid.
Question 7
0 out of 1 points
The roles and services of probation departments are characterized by all of the following statements EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
the role of probation is to provide surveillance.
Question 8
1 out of 1 points
The "Broken Windows" approach to probation calls for all of the following strategies EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
make treatment the central element to probation.
Question 9
1 out of 1 points
Felony probation is quite common due, in part, to overcrowded prisons and jails.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 10
1 out of 1 points
Which of the following is NOT one of the duties of probation departments?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Increase the imposed sentence for technical violations
Question 11
1 out of 1 points
The two primary roles of probation can be considered diametrically opposed.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 12
0 out of 1 points
Drug use is correlated with both male and female violent crime.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 13
1 out of 1 points
Sentencing judges are more likely to impose probation when they determine all of the following evidence about the offender EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
the offender has a high risk score.
Question 14
0 out of 1 points
The Presentence Investigation Report generally includes all of the following information EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
plan of supervision.
Question 15
1 out of 1 points
Probation is a form of suspended sentence.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 16
1 out of 1 points
Which of the following statements does NOT accurately depict the origin and history of probation?
Answer
Selected Answer:
King Henry VIII created the concept of probation.
Question 17
1 out of 1 points
The relationship between the suspended sentence and probation are accurately depicted in all of the following statements EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
programs and services are provided in relatively equal proportion to individuals with suspended sentences and individuals on probation.
Question 18
1 out of 1 points
Which special condition of probation is most likely to be imposed on probationers?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Supervision fees
Question 19
1 out of 1 points
The Gagnon v. Scarpelli decision requires that certain due process considerations be provided tothe probationer in a hearing. This decision mandates that states may provide more but cannot provide less than the due process elements indicated in this decision.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 20
0 out of 1 points
Probation is characterized by all of the following statements EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
Probation is characterized by conditions imposed on the offender that govern release into the community.
Question 21
0 out of 1 points
Which type of solution relieves overcrowded prisons by expanding bed space in prisons through renovating existing prisons and/or building new prisons?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Mid-range solutions
Question 22
1 out of 1 points
Probation services are provided through a contract system in some states.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 23
1 out of 1 points
Probation became an official sanction, supported by state statute, in what year?
Answer
Selected Answer:
1878
Question 24
1 out of 1 points
Probation is a mid-range solution to reduce overcrowding in prisons.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 25
0 out of 1 points
All of the following are target domains on the Level of Service Inventory-Revised (LSI-R) EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
financial.
Question 1
0 out of 1 points
Which of the following is NOT a reason why boot camps have been found to increase recidivism as compared to other sanction types?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Boot camps model aggressive behavior.
Question 2
0 out of 1 points
Intensive supervised probation is a form of probation with increased supervision and control of the offender. Which of the following statements inaccurately describes this form of punishment?
Answer
Selected Answer:
ISPs generally require multiple weekly contacts between the probationer and the probation officer.
Question 3
0 out of 1 points
Many offenders were placed on probation in order to promote rehabilitation before the 1970s.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 4
0 out of 1 points
General goals of ISPs include all of the following statements EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
reduce recidivism.
Question 5
0 out of 1 points
Boot camp programs have regimens that can include which of the following?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Specialized education and training
Question 6
0 out of 1 points
General findings of the state of ISP include all of the following statements EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
ISPs are more widely used than they were 10 years ago.
Question 7
1 out of 1 points
In America, incarceration is usually the sanction of choice for offenders who are in court for a first offense.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 8
1 out of 1 points
Restitution programs are more numerous in the adult than the juvenile justice system.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 9
0 out of 1 points
Which of the following is NOT a form of intermediate sanction?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Residential community corrections with curfew restrictions
Question 10
1 out of 1 points
Which of the following types of correctional control is NOT considered to be a form of intermediate sanction?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Probation
Question 11
0 out of 1 points
__________is a correctional strategy that focuses on persistent offenders and uses increasingly restrictive alternatives to convince those offenders to desist fromcriminal behavior.
Answer
Selected Answer:
Fines
Question 12
0 out of 1 points
Boot camps have increased in number over the last twenty years. Which of the following statements is NOT true about boot camps?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Offenders generally enter as volunteers with a reduced duration of sentence incentive.
Question 13
0 out of 1 points
What is tourniquet sentencing?
Answer
Selected Answer:
When the probation officer enhances probation requirements after the probation term begins
Question 14
0 out of 1 points
Restitution is a form of punishment supported by all the following reasons EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
restitution can offset victim loss.
Question 15
0 out of 1 points
Most drug courts treat offenders with substance addiction.
Answer
Selected Answer:
False
Question 16
0 out of 1 points
Probation is a form of an intermediate sanction.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 17
0 out of 1 points
Which of the following is NOT usually called for in ISP programs?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Random and unannounced drug testing
Question 18
0 out of 1 points
Community service programs have all of the following characteristics EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
this sanction is provided to property offenders.
Question 19
0 out of 1 points
Drug courts were created to do which of the following?
Answer
Selected Answer:
To lower the rate of recidivism compared to that of ISPs
Question 20
0 out of 1 points
Drug courts are a correctional strategy that focuses on persistent offenders and uses increasingly restrictive alternatives to convince those offenders to desist fromcriminal behavior.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 21
0 out of 1 points
Findings from the use of electronic monitoring include all of the following EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
the longer the period of monitoring, the higher the odds of success.
Question 22
0 out of 1 points
Boot camps generally have been found to increase recidivism.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 23
1 out of 1 points
Home detention may be the up-and-coming sentence of choice for nonviolent offenders due to its cost savings.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 24
1 out of 1 points
Which of the following is NOT one of the advantages that home detention has over incarceration?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Home detention may cause "net widening" in punishment.
Question 25
0 out of 1 points
Which of the following statements does NOT depict day reporting centers?
Answer
Selected Answer:
The primary focus is on treatment.
Question 1
1 out of 1 points
Drug courts are a correctional strategy that focuses on persistent offenders and uses increasingly restrictive alternatives to convince those offenders to desist fromcriminal behavior.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 2
1 out of 1 points
Intermediate sanctions use increased surveillance and tighter controls than those for probation. Whichof the following are accurate arguments for and against the use of intermediate sanctions?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Advocates against intermediate sanctions argue that it inhibits the use of rehabilitation with offenders.
Question 3
0 out of 1 points
Drug courts may offer a dismissal of charges in exchange for entering the court's drug treatment program.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 4
1 out of 1 points
Boot camps generally have been found to increase recidivism.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 5
0 out of 1 points
Which of the following statements does NOT depict day reporting centers?
Answer
Selected Answer:
These centers demand more contact with clients than available through ISPs.
Question 6
1 out of 1 points
General findings of the state of ISP include all of the following statements EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
ISPs cost a little less than originally predicted.
Question 7
1 out of 1 points
What is tourniquet sentencing?
Answer
Selected Answer:
An increase in supervision and program participation by the judge due to noncompliance
Question 8
1 out of 1 points
Drug courts have been slow to catch on as a type of sanction.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 9
1 out of 1 points
Which of the following is NOT one of the advantages that home detention has over incarceration?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Home detention may cause "net widening" in punishment.
Question 10
1 out of 1 points
In America, incarceration is usually the sanction of choice for offenders who are in court for a first offense.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 11
1 out of 1 points
Community service programs have all of the following characteristics EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
this sanction provides a small wage per hour to the offender.
Question 12
1 out of 1 points
Many offenders were placed on probation in order to promote rehabilitation before the 1970s.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 13
1 out of 1 points
Home detention may be the up-and-coming sentence of choice for nonviolent offenders due to its cost savings.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 14
1 out of 1 points
Findings from the use of electronic monitoring include all of the following EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
electronic monitoring terms average almost 1 year.
Question 15
1 out of 1 points
Which of the following is NOT usually called for in ISP programs?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Offender is required to keep a log on all personal contacts for every 24-hour period
Question 16
1 out of 1 points
Which of the following is NOT a reason why boot camps have been found to increase recidivism as compared to other sanction types?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Boot camps are able to separately treat low, medium, and high-risk offenders.
Question 17
0 out of 1 points
General goals of ISPs include all of the following statements EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
divert offenders from prison.
Question 18
0 out of 1 points
Boot camps have increased in number over the last twenty years. Which of the following statements is NOT true about boot camps?
Answer
Selected Answer:
These camps typically target young nonviolent offenders.
Question 19
1 out of 1 points
Probation is a form of an intermediate sanction.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 20
1 out of 1 points
__________is community supervision that uses electronic devises or GPS surveillance to maintain surveillance on parolees.
Answer
Selected Answer:
Electronic parole
Question 21
0 out of 1 points
Compensating the victim for loss or injury is known as recidivism.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 22
1 out of 1 points
Most drug courts treat offenders with substance addiction.
Answer
Selected Answer:
True
Question 23
0 out of 1 points
There is little evidence demonstrating that shock probation reduces recidivism.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 24
1 out of 1 points
A study in New York found that, on average, drug courts reduced the reconviction rate by almost 30%.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 25
1 out of 1 points
ISPs are generally used in tourniquet sentencing.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 1
1 out of 1 points
There seems to be a causal relationship between autocratic prison administration styles and institutional disturbances.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 2
1 out of 1 points
All of the following are reasons why it is difficult to hire and retain qualified personnel in the corrections system EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
minimum education level.
Question 3
1 out of 1 points
What is TRUE of correctional jobs?
Answer
Selected Answer:
All of the above
Question 4
0 out of 1 points
Prisons have adopted a paramilitary model in all of the following ways EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
the primary mission of security and control.
Question 5
1 out of 1 points
What position is most critical to the day-to-day management of a prison?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Correctional officer
Question 6
0 out of 1 points
Blue flus occur because correctional officers cannot strike.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 7
1 out of 1 points
Custody refers to the level of treatment placed on an offender in an institution.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 8
0 out of 1 points
What is a sally port?
Answer
Selected Answer:
A derogatory term for an inmate
Question 9
0 out of 1 points
Bureaucratic control has all of the following characteristics EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
organizational processes take precedence over the individual.
Question 10
0 out of 1 points
It is generally considered valid that the more correctional officers treat inmates like dangerous people, the more dangerous they will become (junkyard dog theory).
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 11
0 out of 1 points
There are three levels of security for inmates.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 12
1 out of 1 points
Inmates in maximum-security institutions are generally housed in honor camps or farms.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 13
1 out of 1 points
In reality, running the day-to-day affairs of the prison does not lie with the warden but with which deputy warden?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Custody deputy warden
Question 14
0 out of 1 points
Which of the following, if any, is a nonlethal weapon in prisons?
Answer
Selected Answer:
computerized inmate tracking system
Question 15
1 out of 1 points
The primary mission for any jail is to "protect the public."
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 16
1 out of 1 points
Which of the following statements best defines all contraband?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Contraband is anything not authorized by institutional rules.
Question 17
0 out of 1 points
The main differences between inmates or institutions classified as medium and those classifiedas minimum are all of the following EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
unlike medium-security institutions, minimum-security institutions serve as a pathway to graduated release.
Question 18
0 out of 1 points
What is the central duty of the assistant superintendent for custody or the deputy warden for custody?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Oversee the administrative duties of the prison.
Question 19
0 out of 1 points
Unit team management is one way to lessen the conflicts between treatment and custody.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 20
1 out of 1 points
Which of the following is NOT a conclusion we can draw regarding prison rule violations?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Typically, medium-security facilities have higher rates of rule infractions than do maximum facilities.
Question 21
0 out of 1 points
Which of the following is the primary way in whichoffenders' whereabouts are determined?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Electronic monitoring
Question 22
1 out of 1 points
Flight from prison facilities and illegal absences from institutions are technically escapes.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 23
0 out of 1 points
Contraband is a complicated issue that requires a broad and clear definition of what it is and the use of common sense by trained correctional officers.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 24
1 out of 1 points
Which of the following is NOT a level of custody placed on the offender?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Self-monitored
Question 25
0 out of 1 points
A cell search to detect and control contraband is a shakedown.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 1
1 out of 1 points
Custody refers to the level of treatment placed on an offender in an institution.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 2
1 out of 1 points
Flight from prison facilities and illegal absences from institutions are technically escapes.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 3
0 out of 1 points
What is a sally port?
Answer
Selected Answer:
The main entrance door to a prison
Question 4
1 out of 1 points
Which of the following, if any, is a nonlethal weapon in prisons?
Answer
Selected Answer:
All of the above
Question 5
0 out of 1 points
The most common type of search to prevent contraband entry into institutions is the frisk search.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 6
0 out of 1 points
A prison warden (superintendent) is typically responsible for all of the following duties EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
overseeing prison operations.
Question 7
0 out of 1 points
The cost effectiveness of electrified fences comes from theirreduced personnel costs.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 8
1 out of 1 points
The primary mission for any jail is to "protect the public."
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 9
0 out of 1 points
Prisons have adopted a paramilitary model in all of the following ways EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
use of professional titles.
Question 10
1 out of 1 points
Blue flus occur because correctional officers cannot strike.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 11
0 out of 1 points
Bureaucratic control has all of the following characteristics EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
coercive rules that control behavior.
Question 12
0 out of 1 points
What is the central duty of the assistant superintendent for custody or the deputy warden for custody?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Create new training techniques for all levels of staff.
Question 13
1 out of 1 points
Unit team management is one way to lessen the conflicts between treatment and custody.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 14
0 out of 1 points
Which of the following corrections staff has 24-hour contact with inmates?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Treatment
Question 15
1 out of 1 points
Inmates in maximum-security institutions are generally housed in honor camps or farms.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 16
1 out of 1 points
All of the following are reasons why it is difficult to hire and retain qualified personnel in the corrections system EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
minimum education level.
Question 17
1 out of 1 points
There seems to be a causal relationship between autocratic prison administration styles and institutional disturbances.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 18
0 out of 1 points
Maximum-security levels are characterized by all of the following EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
a correctional officer must escort offenders in the general prison.
Question 19
0 out of 1 points
Treatment has always been on the agenda of correctional management.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 20
1 out of 1 points
There are three levels of security for inmates.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 21
1 out of 1 points
Contraband is a complicated issue that requires a broad and clear definition of what it is and the use of common sense by trained correctional officers.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 22
1 out of 1 points
In reality, running the day-to-day affairs of the prison does not lie with the warden but with which deputy warden?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Custody deputy warden
Question 23
0 out of 1 points
Most escapes from prison happen in low-security institutions.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 24
1 out of 1 points
What is TRUE of correctional jobs?
Answer
Selected Answer:
All of the above
Question 25
1 out of 1 points
A cell search to detect and control contraband is a shakedown.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 1
1 out of 1 points
A _______________ is a birdcage-like instrument placed over an offender's head that extends iron spikes into the offender s mouth to prevent movement.
Answer
Selected Answer:
brank
Question 2
1 out of 1 points
Corporal and capital punishment were not popular during the Age of Enlightenment.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 3
1 out of 1 points
St. Thomas Aquinas differentiated three types of law (1) external law, (2) internal law, and (3) social law.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 4
1 out of 1 points
The extensive use of capital and corporal punishment during the Middle Ages reflected a belief that punishment would __________.
Answer
Selected Answer:
deter potential wrongdoers.
Question 5
1 out of 1 points
__________________ is the custom of atonement for wrongs by payment to appease the victim's family or tribe.
Answer
Selected Answer:
Lex salica
Question 6
1 out of 1 points
The punishment of banishment was replaced by all of the following EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
transportation.
Question 7
1 out of 1 points
Which of the following philosophers developed the hedonistic calculus?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Jeremy Bentham
Question 8
1 out of 1 points
What was the first set of codified laws based on vengeance?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Sumerian Code
Question 9
0 out of 1 points
Who argued that that the crime rate would go down if the amount of punishment were carefully calibrated to deter potential offenders and maximize pleasure?
Answer
Selected Answer:
King Richard III
Question 10
1 out of 1 points
The most common forms of state punishment over the centuries have been death and corporal punishment.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 11
1 out of 1 points
This idea assumes that individuals choose their actions, good or bad, and thus can be held fully responsible for them.
Answer
Selected Answer:
Free will
Question 12
1 out of 1 points
Outlawry was the first punishment imposed by society.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 13
1 out of 1 points
________________ suggested that criminal laws should be organized so that the punishment for any act would outweigh the pleasure that would be derived from the act.
Answer
Selected Answer:
Jeremy Bentham
Question 14
1 out of 1 points
The use of torture to gain confessions and repentance occurred in:
Answer
Selected Answer:
the Inquisition.
Question 15
1 out of 1 points
Rehabilitation was a major goal of punishment in the early history of corrections.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 16
1 out of 1 points
________________ is recognized as the founder of the Classical School of criminology.
Answer
Selected Answer:
Cesare Beccaria
Question 17
0 out of 1 points
Cruel and barbarous punishment has been founded in all of the following notions EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
expiate transgressions against God.
Question 18
0 out of 1 points
Methods of discipline that have been used in the Auburn system include all of the following EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
lockstep formation to maintain control over offenders.
Question 19
1 out of 1 points
The prison population has not increased since the 1960s.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 20
1 out of 1 points
Hallmarks to prisons in the 1960s include all of the following EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
solitary living conditions.
Question 21
1 out of 1 points
An ombudsman is a prison official who is responsible to politicians to control the behavior of inmates.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 22
1 out of 1 points
Prison industries that provide extensive work for convicts experience relatively few riots.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 23
1 out of 1 points
Who was the first director of the Federal Bureau of Prisons?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Sanford Bates
Question 24
1 out of 1 points
The prison population increased since 1960 due to all of the following factors EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
medical treatment.
Question 25
1 out of 1 points
The Crofton system is based upon biblical scriptures.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 26
1 out of 1 points
The Auburn prison system is almost opposite to the Eastern Pennsylvania prison system.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 27
1 out of 1 points
Two major contributions of the Reformatory Era are indeterminate sentencing and parole.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 28
1 out of 1 points
Which of the following statements does NOT characterize the reformatory at Elmira?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Food deprivation is necessary to control behavior.
Question 29
1 out of 1 points
The period of transition, from 1935 to 1960, was marked by all of the following EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
the dismantling of the "fortress" types prisons.
Question 30
1 out of 1 points
Sanford Bates was the first director of the Federal Bureau of Prisons.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 31
1 out of 1 points
The industrial revolution had little impact on the American prison system.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 32
1 out of 1 points
All of the following events occurred during the industrial era of prisons EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
a "softening" in the treatment of offenders was prevalent in most major institutions.
Question 33
1 out of 1 points
The Auburn system's structural design served as the model of prisons built for the next 150 years.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 34
0 out of 1 points
Most prisons built during the Reformatory Era had all of the following characteristics EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
these prisons abandoned the silent system.
Question 35
0 out of 1 points
The utilitarian view of retaliation argues which of the following?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Punishment has a specific beneficial and social consequence.
Question 36
1 out of 1 points
This form of deterrence believes that a sanction deters potential offenders by inflicting suffering on actual offenders.
Answer
Selected Answer:
General deterrence
Question 37
1 out of 1 points
The aesthetic view of retaliation argues which of the following?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Punishment resolves social discord created by the offense and re-establishes a sense of
harmony through requital.
Question 38
1 out of 1 points
Retribution as punishment historically began when the state sought retaliation and vengeance on behalf of the individual.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 39
1 out of 1 points
Restorative justice claims all of the following elements listed below EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
crime creates the obligation to make things right.
Question 40
1 out of 1 points
In areas that administratively increase the swiftness, certainty, and harshness of punishment, the crime rate commensurately drops.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 41
1 out of 1 points
Restorative justice believes that victims of crime are not deserving of services.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 42
1 out of 1 points
The correctional unit's approach to corrections is shaped by their correctional ideology and the citizens they serve.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 43
1 out of 1 points
The reformatory movement was developed in the 1920s and 1930s and sought to have correctional personnel treat criminality as physicians treat disease.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 44
1 out of 1 points
Which of the following statements best describes the notion of correctional ideology?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Correctional ideology refers to all practices and procedures that seek to reform offenders.
Question 45
0 out of 1 points
Which of the following is a theory of punishment that argues that the reason for punishment is to stop the specific person and others from doing the same criminal act?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Quid pro quo
Question 46
1 out of 1 points
Which of the following is a theory of punishment that argues that the reason for punishment is todisable the offender from committing another crime?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Incapacitation
Question 47
0.25 out of 1 points
Match each correctional ideology listed in Column 1 to its definition in Column 2.
Column 1 Column 2
*1. Punishment ideology a. This ideology has a dual focus: on the individual and the environment in which he or she lives.
*2. Restorative justice b. Using treatment to restore an offender to levels of social functioning not yet attained.
*3. Prevention ideology c. Offenders must pay for their offense.
*4. Rehabilitation ideology d. Philosophy that works to satisfy the basic needs of the individual crime victims, the community, and offenders.
Answer
Question Selected Match
1
B.
D
2
D.
B
3
C.
A
4
A.
C
Question 48
1 out of 1 points
Early penologists found that uniform punishment did not work as well as selective and specialized punishment in prisons for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
Uniform punishment generally results in proportional punishment.
Question 49
1 out of 1 points
The punishments leveled out by the rules and infractions boards are uniform across offenders.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 50
1 out of 1 points
The theory of disablement sees offenders as disadvantaged, unfortunate persons whose education, training, and discipline have been inadequate.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 51
1 out of 1 points
Correctional ideology is applied in practice in all of the following ways EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
stigma of conviction.
Question 52
1 out of 1 points
Indeterminate sentencing is most consistent with which goal of punishment?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Rehabilitation
Question 53
1 out of 1 points
Judicial and administrative sentencing processes share common criteria in decision-making. Which of the following is NOT one of these common criteria?
Answer
Selected Answer:
The use of good time
Question 54
1 out of 1 points
Which of the following is NOT one of the sources of pressure in the correctional system that lead to practical problems in sentencing?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Sentencing discrimination
Question 55
1 out of 1 points
The Civil Rights of Institutionalized Persons Act (CRIPA) was enacted by Congress to:
Answer
Selected Answer:
reduce the number of civil rights petitions filed in federal courts.
Question 56
1 out of 1 points
As advocated by Walter C. Reckless, a presentence investigation report or PSI should include all of the following information EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
administrative policies of sentences.
Question 57
0 out of 1 points
All of the following factors are generally taken into account when prosecutors determine whether or not to dismiss a case from the court system EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
attorneys personal attributes.
Question 58
0 out of 1 points
Which of the following practices would NOT allow correctional decision-makers to unilaterally alleviate their overcrowded prisons?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Parole boards
Question 59
1 out of 1 points
The foundation of civil rights petitions originates in the __________ Amendment.
Answer
Selected Answer:
Fourteenth
Question 60
1 out of 1 points
The most common explanations for pleabargaining are all of the following EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
the benevolence of prosecutorial discretion.
Question 61
0 out of 1 points
Which group constitutes the least represented offenders in state prison?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Property offenders
Question 62
1 out of 1 points
Which sentencing structure has a fixed term of punishment and requires that an offender serve the full time of the sentence minus good time?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Determinate
Question 63
1 out of 1 points
Sanctions imposed on felony offenders include fines, restitution, mandatory treatment service, and community service.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 64
1 out of 1 points
________________ is the process of raising additional legal questions in other courts but before case disposition.
Answer
Selected Answer:
Collateral attack
Question 65
1 out of 1 points
New goals in the correctional system emerged in the 1970s and 1980s.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 66
0.125 out of 1 points
Match each listed problem in setting prison terms in Column 1 to its definition in Column 2.
Column 1 Column 2
1. Determinate sentencing a. Statutes by which the legislatures require a prison term always to be imposed for convictions for certain offenses or offenders.
2. Mandatory prison terms b. Statutes that allow for reducing a prison term based on an offender's behavior in prison.
3. Sentencing guidelines c. A sentencing mechanism fixed by the sentencing commission that identifies maximum and minimum sentences for punishments to be imposed by a judge.
4. Parole guidelines d. Policies that relieve overpopulation by systematically making inmates eligible for release sooner.
5. Good-time policies e. Procedures designed to structure early release decisions based on measureable offense criteria.
6. Emergency crowding provisions f. A flat sentence of punishment imposed by the sentencing court.
7. Indeterminate sentencing g. A sentence with a minimum and a maximum punishment imposed. The parole boards make the determination of time served.
8. Presumptive sentencing h. System of sentencing that imposed a predefined sentence length based on criminal history and crime severity.
Answer
Question Selected Match
1
F.
D
2
A.
F
3
H.
C
4
E.
B
5
B.
A
6
D.
E
7
G.
G
8
C.
H
Question 67
1 out of 1 points
The foundation of civil rights petitions originates in the Fifth Amendment.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 68
1 out of 1 points
The goals of sentencing reform include all of the following EXCEPT to:
Answer
Selected Answer:
increase retribution.
Question 69
1 out of 1 points
Indeterminate sentencing allows ________________ to control the length of prison time served.
Answer
Selected Answer:
the corrections system
Question 70
1 out of 1 points
Which special condition of probation is most likely to be imposed on probationers?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Supervision fees
Question 71
1 out of 1 points
Initially, the use of probation spread more rapidly in the adult court system versus the juvenile court system.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 72
1 out of 1 points
All of the following are target domains on the Level of Service Inventory-Revised (LSI-R) EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
prosocial factors.
Question 73
0 out of 1 points
Probation is characterized by all of the following statements EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
Probation is not a sanction of confinement.
Question 74
1 out of 1 points
Drug use is correlated with both male and female violent crime.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 75
1 out of 1 points
Probation became an official sanction, supported by state statute, in what year?
Answer
Selected Answer:
1878
Question 76
1 out of 1 points
Probation is a mid-range solution to reduce overcrowding in prisons.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 77
0 out of 1 points
Match each listed stage in the sentencing process in Column 1 to its definition in Column 2.
Column 1 Column 2
*1. Sentencing hearing a. Document that results from an investigation undertaken by a court authorized officer, designed to provide information on the defendant, so the judge can make an informed sentencing decision.
*2. Risk and needs assessment b. Additional punishments ordered by the courts to probationers.
*3. Presentence investigation report c. Consider the presentence investigation report's contents, recommendations, statements by prosecution and defense counsel, statements from victims, and other evidence.
*4. Conditions of probation d. Instrument used to determine the probability of recidivism.
*5. Technical probation violation e. Change of sentence from probation to another correctional control status.
*6. Probation revocation f. Probation sentence change due to charges that the offender violated the rules imposed by the court, but not by committing a new crime.
Answer
Question Selected Match
1
C.
A
2
D.
B
3
A.
C
4
B.
D
5
F.
E
6
E.
F
Question 78
1 out of 1 points
The Gagnon v. Scarpelli decision governs how probation may be withdrawn from an offender. This decision created all of the following due process rules EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
the hearing is before a jury.
Question 79
0 out of 1 points
Judges follow the sentencing recommendations from the Presentence Investigation Report 35% of the time.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 80
1 out of 1 points
The Gagnon v. Scarpelli decision requires that certain due process considerations be provided tothe probationer in a hearing. This decision mandates that states may provide more but cannot provide less than the due process elements indicated in this decision.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 81
0 out of 1 points
Of the main strategies being considered across the nation to reduce overcrowded prisons, which of the following is most likely NOT to be one of them?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Brick and mortar solutions
Question 82
1 out of 1 points
The two primary roles of probation can be considered diametrically opposed.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 83
1 out of 1 points
If enough probation revocations build up, a judge may reconsider technical violations and impose an alternative sanction.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 84
0 out of 1 points
Probation is successfully completed more than 90% of the time.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 85
1 out of 1 points
The "Broken Windows" approach to probation calls for all of the following strategies EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
make treatment the central element to probation.
Question 86
1 out of 1 points
The relationship between the suspended sentence and probation are accurately depicted in all of the following statements EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
programs and services are provided in relatively equal proportion to individuals with suspended sentences and individuals on probation.
Question 87
1 out of 1 points
Intermediate sanctions use increased surveillance and tighter controls than those for probation. Whichof the following are accurate arguments for and against the use of intermediate sanctions?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Advocates against intermediate sanctions argue that it inhibits the use of rehabilitation with offenders.
Question 88
1 out of 1 points
Which of the following is NOT usually called for in ISP programs?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Offender is required to keep a log on all personal contacts for every 24-hour period
Question 89
1 out of 1 points
Many offenders were placed on probation in order to promote rehabilitation before the 1970s.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 90
1 out of 1 points
Community residential centers are community supervision that uses electronic devices or GPS surveillance to maintain surveillance on parolees.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 91
0 out of 1 points
Which of the following statements does NOT depict day reporting centers?
Answer
Selected Answer:
A primary goal is to reduce prison crowding.
Question 92
1 out of 1 points
Boot camp programs have regimens that can include which of the following?
Answer
Selected Answer:
All of the above
Question 93
1 out of 1 points
Which of the following is NOT one of the advantages that home detention has over incarceration?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Home detention may cause "net widening" in punishment.
Question 94
1 out of 1 points
Home detention may be the up-and-coming sentence of choice for nonviolent offenders due to its cost savings.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 95
0 out of 1 points
Restitution is a form of punishment supported by all the following reasons EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
restitution forces an offender to accept responsibility for his or her actions.
Question 96
1 out of 1 points
A study in New York found that, on average, drug courts reduced the reconviction rate by almost 30%.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 97
1 out of 1 points
General findings of the state of ISP include all of the following statements EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
ISPs cost a little less than originally predicted.
Question 98
1 out of 1 points
Drug courts were created to do which of the following?
Answer
Selected Answer:
To divert drug-abusing offenders to intensively monitored treatment instead of incarceration
Question 99
1 out of 1 points
Drug courts may offer a dismissal of charges in exchange for entering the court's drug treatment program.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 100
0 out of 1 points
Match each intermediate sanction listed in Column 1 to its definition in Column 2.
Column 1 Column 2
*1. Restitution a. Intermediate sanction requiring increased supervision for probationers.
*2. Intensive supervised probation b. Sentence whereby offenders serve at least some of their sentence in their own domicile.
*3. Tourniquet sentencing c. Problem-solving courts that require offenders to participate in court-mandated treatment programs.
*4. Drug courts d. Requirement that offender repay the victim.
*5. Community service programs e. A residential facility that provides room and board as well as rehabilitation programming.
*6. Home detention f. When a judge increases the sanctions and conditions imposed on an offender.
*7. Halfway houses g. Community supervision techniques that use devices to maintain surveillance on parolees.
*8. Electronic monitoring h. Requiring offenders to provide services to the public to help repair the harm they have committed.
Answer
Question Selected Match
1
D.
C
2
A.
D
3
F.
B
4
C.
F
5
H.
G
6
B.
A
7
E.
H
8
G.
E
Question 101
1 out of 1 points
__________is a correctional strategy that focuses on persistent offenders and uses increasingly restrictive alternatives to convince those offenders to desist fromcriminal behavior.
Answer
Selected Answer:
Risk-management
Question 102
1 out of 1 points
Findings from the use of electronic monitoring include all of the following EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
electronic monitoring terms average almost 1 year.
Question 103
1 out of 1 points
What is tourniquet sentencing?
Answer
Selected Answer:
An increase in supervision and program participation by the judge due to noncompliance
Question 104
0 out of 1 points
Match each listed custodial technique listed in Column 1 to its definition in Column 2.
Column 1 Column 2
*1. Count a. Cell search to detect and control contraband.
*2. Prison rules b. Process of detecting inmate contraband by visual inspection of the bodies of inmates.
*3. Contraband c. Process of detecting inmate contraband by manual search of the bodies of inmates.
*4. Shakedowns d. Method used to verify that all inmates are present in prison.
*5. Frisk search e. Any object forbidden in prison.
*6. Strip search f. Written documents designed to control inmate behaviors.
Answer
Question Selected Match
1
D.
A
2
F.
B
3
E.
C
4
A.
D
5
C.
E
6
B.
F
Question 105
1 out of 1 points
Bureaucratic control has all of the following characteristics EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
the individual is housed, moved, transferred, and released based on his or her personal situation.
Question 106
1 out of 1 points
Which of the following is NOT a level of custody placed on the offender?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Self-monitored
Question 107
1 out of 1 points
In reality, running the day-to-day affairs of the prison does not lie with the warden but with which deputy warden?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Custody deputy warden
Question 108
1 out of 1 points
Flight from prison facilities and illegal absences from institutions are technically escapes.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 109
1 out of 1 points
Which of the following, if any, is a nonlethal weapon in prisons?
Answer
Selected Answer:
All of the above
Question 110
1 out of 1 points
It is generally considered valid that the more correctional officers treat inmates like dangerous people, the more dangerous they will become (junkyard dog theory).
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 111
1 out of 1 points
There are three levels of security for inmates.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 112
1 out of 1 points
What is TRUE of correctional jobs?
Answer
Selected Answer:
All of the above
Question 113
1 out of 1 points
All of the following are reasons why it is difficult to hire and retain qualified personnel in the corrections system EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
minimum education level.
Question 114
0 out of 1 points
Two of the four major gangs in California's prisons are two Chicano gangs: Nostra Familia and the __________.
Answer
Selected Answer: playboys
Question 115
1 out of 1 points
The main differences between inmates or institutions classified as medium and those classifiedas minimum are all of the following EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
unlike medium-security institutions, there is much more movement within a minimum-security facility.
Question 116
0 out of 1 points
Which of the following statements describes the problem faced by administrators in an effort to control and rehabilitate offenders?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Often the public is nonsupportive of reformation of the inmate population, so administrations do not do any of these activities.
Question 117
1 out of 1 points
What is a sally port?
Answer
Selected Answer:
A double gate that controls all transportation in and out of the prison perimeter
Question 118
1 out of 1 points
Unit team management is one way to lessen the conflicts between treatment and custody.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 119
1 out of 1 points
A cell search to detect and control contraband is a shakedown.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 120
1 out of 1 points
Which of the following is the primary way in whichoffenders' whereabouts are determined?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Counts
Question 1
0 out of 1 points
Which is NOT one of the many barriers to effective educational programs?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Lack of educational materials
Question 2
0 out of 1 points
The recent use of treatment involves meta analysis, which can best be characterized by which of the following?
Answer
Selected Answer:
All of the above
Question 3
0 out of 1 points
The main objective of __________ is to return to the offender to the community as a responsible and productive citizen, rather than a shunned ex-con with little hope for success.
Answer
Selected Answer:
vocational training
Question 4
0 out of 1 points
Which of the following statements are NOT true about education services in prison?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Most state correctional systems legislatively mandate educational services for inmates.
Question 5
0 out of 1 points
In general, the incoming inmate has more medical and dental needs than does the average personin society.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 6
1 out of 1 points
Every offender has the right to treatment in a correctional institution in the United States.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 7
1 out of 1 points
The general treatment model has all of the following goals EXCEPT which?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Teaches religious doctrine
Question 8
0 out of 1 points
All of the following are reasons why custody concerns outweigh those of treatment in institutions EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
custody issues are immediate and mandatory.
Question 9
0 out of 1 points
Correctional administrators are victims of two realities in treatment: society is uncertain about the causes of and solutions to criminal behavior and the social sciences have historically been unable to provide a frame of reference for this solution.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 10
0 out of 1 points
A theme in the management of treatment is that administration generally isolates and withdraws from publicizing treatment programs to protect themselves from public scrutiny and judgment.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 11
0 out of 1 points
Which of the following is NOT true about personnel who administer medical services or medical programs?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Qualified medical personnel to serve inmates are generally in short supply across the country
Question 12
0 out of 1 points
How do cognitive interventions work?
Answer
Selected Answer:
They help make an offender "school smart."
Question 13
0 out of 1 points
One example of cognitive intervention is anger management.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 14
1 out of 1 points
There is little evidence that correctional treatment has ever been effective.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 15
1 out of 1 points
All of the following are incendiary situations that treatment and custody personnel in institutions may find that their different orientations play out EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
deputy warden for treatment is hired with training in the social sciences.
Question 16
0 out of 1 points
All of the following are different types of treatment services EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
therapeutic communities
Question 17
0 out of 1 points
The treatment model of corrections generally divides treatment services into three types. Which of the following is NOT one of them?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Educational
Question 18
0 out of 1 points
Which of the following is NOT one of goals of prison industry
Answer
Selected Answer:
Teach inmates a skill
Question 19
1 out of 1 points
The main point of custody is to prepare offenders to return to society while the main point of treatment is to provide protection to society.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 20
0 out of 1 points
A correctional leader must generally deal with bifurcated correctional staff who fall into one of two camps: those who consider themselves custody and security officers versus those who consider themselves treatment and programming officers.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 21
0 out of 1 points
There is a movement to train prison chaplains in behavioral sciences and integrate them into treatment.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 22
1 out of 1 points
Most offenders are given dental care in prison.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 23
0 out of 1 points
The tendency to view treatment in terms of restraint and reformation has hurt treatment services in all of the following ways EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
administrators target resources primarily on the offender in lieu of the community
Question 24
0 out of 1 points
Religion services in prison suffer from all of the following problems EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
prison chaplainry is not a particularly desirable job in the field.
Question 25
0 out of 1 points
The restraint and reformation theme of treatment argues that offenders are morally, psychologically, and/or physically inferior human beings who need to be "fixed" and, in the meantime, controlled.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 1
0 out of 1 points
The federal government has controlled prison industry and labor in all of the following ways EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
federal law restricting interstate prison industrial goods.
Question 2
0 out of 1 points
All of the following are different types of treatment services EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
religious activities.
Question 3
1 out of 1 points
All of the following are incendiary situations that treatment and custody personnel in institutions may find that their different orientations play out EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
deputy warden for treatment is hired with training in the social sciences.
Question 4
1 out of 1 points
All of the following are major medical problems faced by prison and jail inmates today EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
smallpox.
Question 5
1 out of 1 points
The main point of custody is to prepare offenders to return to society while the main point of treatment is to provide protection to society.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 6
0 out of 1 points
Administrators take advantage of an uninformed and uncaring public by favoring "wars" against crime, criminals, and drugs instead of devoting time and resources to the treatment of offenders.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 7
1 out of 1 points
In general, the incoming inmate has more medical and dental needs than does the average personin society.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 8
1 out of 1 points
Most inmates in educational programs in institutions obtain college degrees.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 9
0 out of 1 points
How do cognitive interventions work?
Answer
Selected Answer:
They increase an offender's IQ.
Question 10
0 out of 1 points
The classification of inmates is generally done for treatment concerns in order to determine which offenders need which services.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 11
1 out of 1 points
Which of the following is NOT one of goals of prison industry
Answer
Selected Answer:
Limit the market to trade goods
Question 12
1 out of 1 points
A theme in the management of treatment is that administration generally isolates and withdraws from publicizing treatment programs to protect themselves from public scrutiny and judgment.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 13
0 out of 1 points
The main objective of __________ is to return to the offender to the community as a responsible and productive citizen, rather than a shunned ex-con with little hope for success.
Answer
Selected Answer:
correctional chaplaincy
Question 14
0 out of 1 points
Which of the following statements are NOT true about education services in prison?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Some inmates are able to pursue two-year and four-year degrees while incarcerated.
Question 15
0 out of 1 points
Which is NOT one of the many barriers to effective educational programs?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Teacher shortages
Question 16
1 out of 1 points
All of the following are reasons why custody concerns outweigh those of treatment in institutions EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
when one of the treatment staff is sick, the position must be filled in order to maintain minimal critical staffing.
Question 17
0 out of 1 points
Which of the following is NOT one of the beneficial effects to private company and prison collaborations?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Inmates continue to pay taxes on all wages earned
Question 18
0 out of 1 points
Which of the following is NOT true about personnel who administer medical services or medical programs?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Medical issues are a major source of inmate complaints and administration headaches
Question 19
1 out of 1 points
There is little evidence that correctional treatment has ever been effective.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 20
1 out of 1 points
One example of cognitive intervention is anger management.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 21
0 out of 1 points
Religion services in prison suffer from all of the following problems EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
one chaplain, who is traditionally trained in only one spiritual tradition, needs to provide spiritual services to inmates of all faiths.
Question 22
1 out of 1 points
The general treatment model has all of the following goals EXCEPT which?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Teaches religious doctrine
Question 23
1 out of 1 points
There are three persistent attributes of correctional management of treatment services. Which of the following is NOT one of these?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Failure of social sciences
Question 24
0 out of 1 points
On average (national), what percentage of expenditures is for treatment services in correctional institutions?
Answer
Selected Answer:
20%
Question 25
1 out of 1 points
The restraint and reformation theme of treatment argues that offenders are morally, psychologically, and/or physically inferior human beings who need to be "fixed" and, in the meantime, controlled.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 1
1 out of 1 points
The accused and the convicted, not to mention the guilty and the innocent, are housed in prisons.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 2
1 out of 1 points
A "weekender" refers to an inmate who isconfined in a detention facilityonly on the weekends.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 3
0 out of 1 points
More than half of all persons in local jails are:
Answer
Selected Answer:
convicted felons.
Question 4
0 out of 1 points
Which alternative to jail serves to lessen the negative impact of short-term incarceration andallow offenders to retain current employment?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Community work orders
Question 5
1 out of 1 points
New-generation jails employ intermittent supervision of inmates.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 6
0 out of 1 points
Which of the following is NOT a radical departure from the traditional jail?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Architecture
Question 7
0 out of 1 points
Which of these is NOT a reason for overcrowding in America's jails.
Answer
Selected Answer:
Get-tough policies
Question 8
1 out of 1 points
Which state was the first to establish standards for jails?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Maine
Question 9
0 out of 1 points
The 2007 adult jail population consisted predominantly of females.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 10
1 out of 1 points
Jails house only convicted offenders.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 11
0 out of 1 points
The purpose of jails, as originally conceived, was to detain suspected or accused offenders until they could be brought before a court.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 12
0 out of 1 points
The overall number of jails has declined, due to the decrease in jail beds/cells.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 13
0 out of 1 points
In _____-generation new jails, cells continue to be laid out in a line, but inmates can spend most of their waking hours in a communal dayroom instead of in their cells.
Answer
Selected Answer:
second
Question 14
1 out of 1 points
Which type of jail inmate is most likely to serve a relatively short sentence (less than 1 year)?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Pretrial detainees
Question 15
0 out of 1 points
__________ is what cynical inmates often call fines.
Answer
Selected Answer:
Money gouging for the county
Question 16
0 out of 1 points
The podular/direct supervision model began in the Federal Bureau of Prisons.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 17
0 out of 1 points
What is the largest demographic concentration of inmates in jail and detention facilities?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Hispanic
Question 18
1 out of 1 points
Most jails are operated by:
Answer
Selected Answer:
the local law enforcement agency that has jurisdiction in the particular area.
Question 19
0 out of 1 points
Which of these is NOT an effort to find solutions to reduce overcrowding in jails?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Conversion of abandoned motels to jail annex
Question 20
0 out of 1 points
What racial or ethnic group is the fastest growing of the U.S. jail population?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Black
Question 21
1 out of 1 points
In the U.S., the concept of "innocent until proven guilty" creates many problems for local jails. Which portion of the jail population is in direct conflict with the presumption of innocence?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Pretrial detainees
Question 22
0 out of 1 points
Which of these is often court ordered by sentencing judges to be used as a substitute for, or in partial satisfaction of, a fine?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Weekend confinement
Question 23
1 out of 1 points
Before the 1970s, correctional officers employed continuous and direct supervision ofinmates.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 24
0 out of 1 points
Which of these is NOT a category of jail inmates?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Convicted offenders
Question 25
0 out of 1 points
The 25 largest jails in the nation have almost 90% of the nation's total jail population.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 1
1 out of 1 points
Which of these is NOT a category of jail inmates?
Answer
Selected Answer:
All of these are categories of jail inmates.
Question 2
0 out of 1 points
Which of the following was NOT a finding of the Vera Institute of Justice's evaluation of efficacy of using day fines in Staten Island, NY?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Overall revenues increased.
Question 3
1 out of 1 points
More than half of all persons in local jails are:
Answer
Selected Answer:
awaiting trial.
Question 4
0 out of 1 points
Hold-back jail inmates are frequently delayed while being transported to prisons due to the overcrowding in prisons.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 5
0 out of 1 points
What is the largest demographic concentration of inmates in jail and detention facilities?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Black
Question 6
0 out of 1 points
The U.S. Bureau of Prisons has its own jail system.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 7
1 out of 1 points
The vast majority of offenders begin their journey through the correctional system in:
Answer
Selected Answer:
jail.
Question 8
0 out of 1 points
Which of these is NOT an effort to find solutions to reduce overcrowding in jails?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Using manufactured housing units
Question 9
1 out of 1 points
The accused and the convicted, not to mention the guilty and the innocent, are housed in prisons.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 10
1 out of 1 points
The overall number of jails has declined, due to the decrease in jail beds/cells.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 11
1 out of 1 points
What racial or ethnic group is the fastest growing of the U.S. jail population?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Hispanic
Question 12
0 out of 1 points
Which alternative to jail serves to lessen the negative impact of short-term incarceration andallow offenders to retain current employment?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Day fines
Question 13
0 out of 1 points
Which of these is often court ordered by sentencing judges to be used as a substitute for, or in partial satisfaction of, a fine?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Electronic monitoring
Question 14
1 out of 1 points
Before the 1970s, correctional officers employed continuous and direct supervision ofinmates.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 15
1 out of 1 points
__________ is what cynical inmates often call fines.
Answer
Selected Answer:
Price-tag justice
Question 16
1 out of 1 points
Which state was the first to establish standards for jails?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Maine
Question 17
1 out of 1 points
Jails are funded predominantly by __________.
Answer
Selected Answer:
local taxes
Question 18
0 out of 1 points
A large percentage of jail inmates have used alcohol and drugs at sometime in their lives.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 19
0 out of 1 points
Which of these is NOT a reason for overcrowding in America's jails.
Answer
Selected Answer:
Increased pressure from state correctional systems to reduce prison populations
Question 20
1 out of 1 points
New-generation jails employ intermittent supervision of inmates.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 21
1 out of 1 points
A "weekender" refers to an inmate who isconfined in a detention facilityonly on the weekends.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 22
1 out of 1 points
In general, most jails are functioning under capacity levels.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 23
1 out of 1 points
Historically, serious attempts have been made to provide programs or treatment of jail inmates.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 24
1 out of 1 points
The 25 largest jails in the nation have almost 90% of the nation's total jail population.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 25
1 out of 1 points
Jails house only convicted offenders.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 1
0 out of 1 points
A super-maximum prison is characterized by all of the following statements EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
offers only restricted movement.
Question 2
1 out of 1 points
How was the old prison social system overturned in the 1970s?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Members of street gangs and crazies were admitted to prison.
Question 3
1 out of 1 points
In general, the higher the security level, the less the cost of construction.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 4
0 out of 1 points
The growth of prison industry has helped to overcome the characteristics of idleness and boredom in prison.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 5
0 out of 1 points
Which of the following factors most often hampers inmates getting the work, educational, vocational programs that they need?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Reclassification
Question 6
1 out of 1 points
How many offenders do the Big Four house?
Answer
Selected Answer:
30,000
Question 7
0 out of 1 points
The fewest prison inmates are in the ________ security level.
Answer
Selected Answer:
medium
Question 8
0 out of 1 points
Which of the following behaviors would NOT generally result in the offender being assigned to the special housing unit (SHU)?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Attempting to escape
Question 9
0 out of 1 points
Which of the following is NOT one of the advantages ofhaving a centralized and autonomousdepartment of corrections at the state level?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Control of personnel and fiscal resources
Question 10
0 out of 1 points
How many state prison systems were declared unconstitutional by state and federalcourt systems in 2007?
Answer
Selected Answer:
None
Question 11
1 out of 1 points
The age of America's prison population is increasing.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 12
1 out of 1 points
What percent of the prison population has NOT graduated from high school or obtained a GED?
Answer
Selected Answer:
50%
Question 13
1 out of 1 points
Security and custody are the primary emphases in prisons.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 14
0 out of 1 points
Which of the following is the one principle in the case of inmate rights in state-level prisons to which the Supreme Court has held fast?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Inmates rights are an issue that is of little concern to the federal court system and Supreme Court of the United States.
Question 15
1 out of 1 points
Prisons have mostly succeeded in reforming inmates so they can lead a noncriminal life in thefree world.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 16
0 out of 1 points
Which of the following is NOT a way in which correctional administrators have reacted to the increased violence in prisons since the 1970s?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Created ways to identify security threat groups (STG)
Question 17
0 out of 1 points
The prison construction boom has solved the problem of overcrowded prisons.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 18
0 out of 1 points
The U.S. Supreme Court determined that new or recently transferred inmates may not be segregated by race in the classification process.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 19
0 out of 1 points
Which statement is NOT a reason that an offender would be put into super-maximum prison?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Attempted escape from prison
Question 20
0 out of 1 points
What is the average cost to build a new prison per prison bed?
Answer
Selected Answer:
$45,000 per prison bed
Question 21
0 out of 1 points
Institutional needs may supersede offender needs in program assignment.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 22
1 out of 1 points
What has the prison population done since 1990?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Increased
Question 23
0 out of 1 points
Approximately how many state and local prisons have been built since the late 1980s?
Answer
Selected Answer:
1,100
Question 24
0 out of 1 points
What is the average sentence length for prisoners serving in state institutions?
Answer
Selected Answer:
About 17 years
Question 25
0 out of 1 points
The five U.S. military branches have their own prison systems.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 1
0 out of 1 points
Which of the following factors most often hampers inmates getting the work, educational, vocational programs that they need?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Initial classification
Question 2
1 out of 1 points
What has the prison population done since 1990?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Increased
Question 3
0 out of 1 points
A super-maximum prison is characterized by all of the following statements EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
controls offender through separation from the prison population
Question 4
1 out of 1 points
Which of the following behaviors would NOT generally result in the offender being assigned to the special housing unit (SHU)?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Display ofpsychotic symptoms
Question 5
0 out of 1 points
Which of the following is NOT one of the ways in which prisons take advantage of cheap prisonlabor?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Agricultural prisons
Question 6
0 out of 1 points
Which statement is NOT a reason that an offender would be put into super-maximum prison?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Seriously assaulted another inmate
Question 7
1 out of 1 points
How many offenders do the Big Four house?
Answer
Selected Answer:
30,000
Question 8
1 out of 1 points
The age of America's prison population is increasing.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 9
1 out of 1 points
The prison construction boom has solved the problem of overcrowded prisons.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 10
1 out of 1 points
The majority of prison inmates are males.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 11
1 out of 1 points
How was the old prison social system overturned in the 1970s?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Members of street gangs and crazies were admitted to prison.
Question 12
0 out of 1 points
Which of the following is NOT one of the Big Four local institutions that house more offenders than many states entire prison systems?
Answer
Selected Answer:
The New York City Department of Corrections
Question 13
1 out of 1 points
What is the average cost to build a new prison per prison bed?
Answer
Selected Answer:
$74,000 per prison bed
Question 14
1 out of 1 points
Security and custody are the primary emphases in prisons.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 15
1 out of 1 points
The Supreme Court decisions have never challenged certain conditions of state-level imprisonment on the issue of "cruel and unusual punishment."
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 16
1 out of 1 points
The five U.S. military branches have their own prison systems.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 17
1 out of 1 points
Prisons have mostly succeeded in reforming inmates so they can lead a noncriminal life in thefree world.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 18
0 out of 1 points
The fewest prison inmates are in the ________ security level.
Answer
Selected Answer:
minimum
Question 19
0 out of 1 points
Which of the following is the one principle in the case of inmate rights in state-level prisons to which the Supreme Court has held fast?
Answer
Selected Answer:
State-level prisons are beyond the purview of the Supreme Court. The state court of last resort provides the final hearing
Question 20
1 out of 1 points
What percent of the prison population has NOT graduated from high school or obtained a GED?
Answer
Selected Answer:
50%
Question 21
1 out of 1 points
Which of the following is NOT a way in which correctional administrators have reacted to the increased violence in prisons since the 1970s?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Sought help from the old hands in the prison social system
Question 22
1 out of 1 points
In general, the higher the security level, the less the cost of construction.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 23
0 out of 1 points
African American males are incarcerated at a rate equal to that of Whites.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 24
1 out of 1 points
What is the average sentence length for prisoners serving in state institutions?
Answer
Selected Answer:
About 8 years
Question 25
0 out of 1 points
How many state prison systems were declared unconstitutional by state and federalcourt systems in 2007?
Answer
Selected Answer:
12
Question 1
1 out of 1 points
The BOP recognized by the 1970s that rehabilitation did not work and replaced it with retributive, deterrent, and incapacitativeefforts.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 2
0 out of 1 points
The Federal Bureau of Prisons adapted to the court s intervention in inmate conditions during the 1970s in all of the following ways EXCEPT
Answer
Selected Answer:
enhance due process rights for inmates
Question 3
0 out of 1 points
One of the first federal prisons was acquired from the military.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 4
0 out of 1 points
The BOP s unit management movement in the 1970s to 1980s is generally characterized by all of the following EXCEPT
Answer
Selected Answer:
incorporating team offices in the living units
Question 5
0 out of 1 points
The Bureau of Prisons requires that inmates have a twelfth-grade literacy level at a minimum; otherwise mandatory literacy classes are required.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 6
0 out of 1 points
Medium security prisons have all of the following characteristics EXCEPT
Answer
Selected Answer:
community college campus design
Question 7
0 out of 1 points
The federal system classifies offenders into fivelevels. Which of the following is NOT one of them?
Answer
Selected Answer:
High
Question 8
0 out of 1 points
How many federal prisons are available to house offenders as of mid- 2008?
Answer
Selected Answer:
127
Question 9
0 out of 1 points
Federal Prison Camps are an example of which security level?
Answer
Selected Answer:
High
Question 10
1 out of 1 points
In general, the federal prison system finds that the higher security institutions are more humane when prison crowding is reduced.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 11
0 out of 1 points
Which president was responsible for assisting the creations of the Federal Bureau of Prisons?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Roosevelt
Question 12
0 out of 1 points
All federal felony offenders are housed in federal institutions.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 13
0 out of 1 points
of the first all-female federal prisons opened in what year?
Answer
Selected Answer:
1943
Question 14
0 out of 1 points
Sanford Bates was the first director of the Federal Bureau of Prisons.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 15
0 out of 1 points
Why was the National Institute of Corrections established?
Answer
Selected Answer:
To provide assistance to state and local correctional agencies and centers
Question 16
0 out of 1 points
The first federal prison is best described using all of the following characteristics EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
industrial.
Question 17
0 out of 1 points
Federal Prison Industries, Inc., sells its products to other federal agencies and the public market.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 18
0 out of 1 points
Before the establishment of federal prison institutions, federal felons were uniformly placedon federal probation.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 19
0 out of 1 points
All of the first federal prisons adopted their architectural design from which of the following?
Answer
Selected Answer:
State system
Question 20
0 out of 1 points
Which of the following is NOT one of the acts that created more federal prisoners?
Answer
Selected Answer:
White Slave Act
Question 21
1 out of 1 points
The federal government passed a congressional bill to build the first three federal prisons in what year?
Answer
Selected Answer:
1891
Question 22
0 out of 1 points
Director Norman A. Carlson (1970-1987) changed the Bureau of Prisons in all of the following ways EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
established the National Institute of Corrections
Question 23
1 out of 1 points
Which security level is responsible for special inmate populations, such as pretrial detention, inmates with severe and chronic medical problems, and extremely dangerous and violent inmates?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Administrative
Question 24
0 out of 1 points
Minimum or open institutions are beneficial for all the following reasons EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
offenders may miss treatment programs targeted toward higher classification institutions
Question 25
0 out of 1 points
The Federal Bureau of Prisons was created in 1929.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 1
0 out of 1 points
Federal correctional officers are trained at the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center in Glynco, GA.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 2
0 out of 1 points
Maximum-security prisons are characterized by all of the following EXCEPT
Answer
Selected Answer:
floodlights after dark.
Question 3
1 out of 1 points
Federal Prison Camps are an example of which security level?
Answer
Selected Answer:
minimum
Question 4
1 out of 1 points
One of the first federal prisons was acquired from the military.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 5
0 out of 1 points
The first federal prison is best described using all of the following characteristics EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
punitive.
Question 6
1 out of 1 points
The federal system classifies offenders into fivelevels. Which of the following is NOT one of them?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Middle
Question 7
1 out of 1 points
Before the establishment of federal prison institutions, federal felons were uniformly placedon federal probation.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 8
1 out of 1 points
The Federal Bureau of Prisons was created in 1929.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 9
0 out of 1 points
Medium security prisons have all of the following characteristics EXCEPT
Answer
Selected Answer:
electronic surveillance equipment.
Question 10
1 out of 1 points
Federal penitentiaries generally have double fences with dormitory-style housing.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 11
1 out of 1 points
All federal felony offenders are housed in federal institutions.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 12
0 out of 1 points
Medium security institutions as compared to maximum-security institutions have all of the following characteristics EXCEPT
Answer
Selected Answer:
smaller institutions.
Question 13
1 out of 1 points
All of the first federal prisons adopted their architectural design from which of the following?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Auburn system
Question 14
1 out of 1 points
In general, the federal prison system finds that the higher security institutions are more humane when prison crowding is reduced.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 15
1 out of 1 points
Which president was responsible for assisting the creations of the Federal Bureau of Prisons?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Hoover
Question 16
0 out of 1 points
Federal institutions provide the following academic and occupational opportunities EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
apprenticeship programs.
Question 17
1 out of 1 points
The Bureau of Prisons requires that inmates have a twelfth-grade literacy level at a minimum; otherwise mandatory literacy classes are required.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 18
0 out of 1 points
Which of the following is NOT one of the acts that created more federal prisoners?
Answer
Selected Answer:
The Volsted Act
Question 19
0 out of 1 points
The federal prison system was created for several interdependent reasons. Which of the following is NOT one of them?
Answer
Selected Answer:
States became reluctant to take federal inmates
Question 20
0 out of 1 points
After the creation of the Federal Bureau of Prisons, the federal prison system did not grow until the increase in crime in the 1960s.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 21
0 out of 1 points
Minimum or open institutions are beneficial for all the following reasons EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
allow inmates with low risk classification to serve potentially long prison terms in work-oriented environments.
Question 22
1 out of 1 points
Which of the following is one of the first federal prisons that was acquired from the military in 1895?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Fort Leavenworth
Question 23
0 out of 1 points
The BOP s unit management movement in the 1970s to 1980s is generally characterized by all of the following EXCEPT
Answer
Selected Answer:
direct daily contact between the inmate and staff.
Question 24
1 out of 1 points
While the prison population at the state level has been skyrocketing, the prison population at the federal level has not grown.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 25
1 out of 1 points
The federal government passed a congressional bill to build the first three federal prisons in what year?
Answer
Selected Answer:
1891
Question 1
0 out of 1 points
Those inmates that have had no parole supervision have a higher rate of re-arrest within two years than those that did have parole supervision.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 2
0 out of 1 points
The success of community-based corrections is with the coordination of activities and services available to offenders.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 3
1 out of 1 points
A form of pardon for a class of offenders is known as:
Answer
Selected Answer:
Amnesty
Question 4
0 out of 1 points
A commutation is the reduction of the severity of the sentence by the executive branch of the government.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 5
1 out of 1 points
Which of the following, if any, is required for a pardon in California?
Answer
Selected Answer:
All of the above
Question 6
1 out of 1 points
A pardon, reduction of sentence, or release of an inmate by the governor or pardoning
authority is known as:
Answer
Selected Answer:
Executive clemency
Question 7
0 out of 1 points
Which of the following statements accurately reflects the Supreme Court's opinion about parole-granting hearings?
Answer
Selected Answer:
The parolee has the right to witnesses at a parole-granting hearing.
Question 8
0 out of 1 points
Most offenders in prison are eventually returned to society.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 9
1 out of 1 points
Which of the following men is considered the father of parole?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Alexander Maconochie
Question 10
0 out of 1 points
Which of the following is NOT a common type of furlough?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Emergency
Question 11
0 out of 1 points
Parole release guidelines generally reduce the inmate anxiety and hostility of the on-the-spot decision-making process frequently found in other jurisdictions.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 12
1 out of 1 points
Good-time laws involve taking days off an offender's sentence as a result of conduct and behavior in accordance with institutional rules.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 13
1 out of 1 points
Every jurisdiction in the nation had a parole authority by 1870.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 14
0 out of 1 points
In 2006, what percentage of inmates exited parole by expiration of sentence?
Answer
Selected Answer:
35%
Question 15
0 out of 1 points
What do criminologists say is a precursor to current-day parole?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Imprisonment
Question 16
0 out of 1 points
This requires release of an inmate from incarceration because the statutes mandate the release of any inmate who has served his or her maximum sentence:
Answer
Selected Answer:
Good-time laws
Question 17
0 out of 1 points
Halfway houses are accurately described by all of the following EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
halfway out of the institution.
Question 18
1 out of 1 points
A reduction of severity of the sentence by the executive branch of government is known as:
Answer
Selected Answer:
Commutation
Question 19
0 out of 1 points
Lowenkamp and Latessa found that parolees who were supervised had lower rearrest rates than those who were not.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 20
0 out of 1 points
A commutation is a form of pardon for a class of offenders.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 21
0 out of 1 points
Which of the following statements is NOT true about parole board personnel?
Answer
Selected Answer:
They may be entirely independent of correctional influence.
Question 22
0 out of 1 points
Parole revocation is guided by the decision known as Morrissey v. Brewer.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 23
0 out of 1 points
This release of an inmate occurs before the expiration of maximum sentencing due toappropriate behavior while incarcerated.
Answer
Selected Answer:
Truth-in-sentencing
Question 24
1 out of 1 points
Parole boards are fairly uniform in size, operating procedures, and selection procedures.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 25
1 out of 1 points
Spain started the first operational system of conditional release for good behavior in 1835.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 1
1 out of 1 points
A form of pardon for a class of offenders is known as:
Answer
Selected Answer:
Amnesty
Question 2
1 out of 1 points
In recent years, the number and percentage of prisoners released on parole has increased steadily.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 3
1 out of 1 points
Parole revocation is guided by the decision known as Morrissey v. Brewer.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 4
1 out of 1 points
Spain started the first operational system of conditional release for good behavior in 1835.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 5
1 out of 1 points
Parole boards are fairly uniform in size, operating procedures, and selection procedures.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 6
1 out of 1 points
Which of the following statements is NOT true about parole board personnel?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Generally they are persons trained in corrections.
Question 7
1 out of 1 points
Those inmates that have had no parole supervision have a higher rate of re-arrest within two years than those that did have parole supervision.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 8
1 out of 1 points
Lowenkamp and Latessa found that parolees who were supervised had lower rearrest rates than those who were not.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 9
1 out of 1 points
Which of the following, if any, is required for a pardon in California?
Answer
Selected Answer:
All of the above
Question 10
0 out of 1 points
Which of the following statements accurately reflects the Supreme Court's opinion about parole-granting hearings?
Answer
Selected Answer:
An inmate has the right to a parole-granting hearing.
Question 11
0 out of 1 points
In which way is an inmate least likely to get into a halfway house?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Remand
Question 12
0 out of 1 points
Work release allows the offender to do all of the following EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
spend the day away from the institution.
Question 13
1 out of 1 points
A reduction of severity of the sentence by the executive branch of government is known as:
Answer
Selected Answer:
Commutation
Question 14
0 out of 1 points
This movement requires inmates to serve a significant portion of their sentence before consideration for release:
Answer
Selected Answer:
Mandatory release
Question 15
1 out of 1 points
Good-time laws involve taking days off an offender's sentence as a result of conduct and behavior in accordance with institutional rules.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 16
1 out of 1 points
A pardon, reduction of sentence, or release of an inmate by the governor or pardoning
authority is known as:
Answer
Selected Answer:
Executive clemency
Question 17
1 out of 1 points
Which of the following is NOT a common type of furlough?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Probation
Question 18
0 out of 1 points
Halfway houses are accurately described by all of the following EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
development due to an increased need for diversionary alternatives to prison.
Question 19
1 out of 1 points
Parole eligibility may be determined in all of the following ways EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
completion of the maximum sentence.
Question 20
1 out of 1 points
The success of community-based corrections is with the coordination of activities and services available to offenders.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 21
1 out of 1 points
In 2006, what percentage of inmates exited parole by expiration of sentence?
Answer
Selected Answer:
63%
Question 22
1 out of 1 points
Most offenders in prison are eventually returned to society.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 23
1 out of 1 points
Which of the following men is considered the father of parole?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Alexander Maconochie
Question 24
1 out of 1 points
The most common parole guidelines system includes the seriousness of the offense and previous criminal behavior that the inmate brings to the current offense.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 25
1 out of 1 points
A commutation is a form of pardon for a class of offenders.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 1
0 out of 1 points
The term arbitrary means:
Answer
Selected Answer:
deliberate indifference.
Question 2
1 out of 1 points
Which Supreme Court case resulted in a moratorium on capital punishment in America?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Furman v. Georgia
Question 3
0 out of 1 points
The execution of women offenders is quite rare.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 4
1 out of 1 points
Which U.S. Court cases ended the moratorium on the death penalty?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Gregg v. Georgia
Question 5
0 out of 1 points
The constitutionality of state-supported execution includes all of the following concerns EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
public attitudes toward capital punishment.
Question 6
0 out of 1 points
If a prosecutor decides not to seek the death penalty, a person can still be sentenced to death if a jury convicts him or her and selects the death penalty.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 7
0 out of 1 points
A moratorium on executions was in effect from 1972 to 1976.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 8
1 out of 1 points
The first person to be executed by electrocution was Gee Jon in Nevada in 1924.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 9
1 out of 1 points
The death sentence is discretionary in a death penalty jurisdiction.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 10
0 out of 1 points
Offenses for which an offender can receive the death penalty are known as:
Answer
Selected Answer:
mandatory offenses.
Question 11
0 out of 1 points
The first execution by lethal injection was in Texas in 1982.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 12
1 out of 1 points
States without the death penalty have had consistently higher murder rates than states with the death penalty.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 13
1 out of 1 points
Which of the following progressions of execution methods reflects the temporal progression ofexecutions in America since the late 1800s?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Electric chair, lethal gas, lethal injection
Question 14
1 out of 1 points
Executions are generally carried out soon after the death penalty sentence.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 15
1 out of 1 points
There is evidence that the death penalty is racially biased based on the race of the victim in certain jurisdictions in all of the following states EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
California.
Question 16
1 out of 1 points
The American public's attitude towards the death penalty remains constant.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 17
0 out of 1 points
Approximately how many documented executions have been performed in America since 1608?
Answer
Selected Answer:
15,000
Question 18
0 out of 1 points
Approximately 800 people have been executed since 1976.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 19
1 out of 1 points
All of the following are justifications for the death penalty according to the retentionist perspective EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
rehabilitation.
Question 20
1 out of 1 points
Many death row inmates profess their innocence but none have yet been proven innocent.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 21
0 out of 1 points
More African-Americans than whites have been executed since 1976.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 22
1 out of 1 points
The first person to be executed by lethal gas was William Kemmler in the Auburn Penitentiary, NY, in 1890.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 23
0 out of 1 points
America had the greatestnumber of executions during which of the following decades?
Answer
Selected Answer:
1980s
Question 24
1 out of 1 points
The underlying progression of the means to execution is to find the "most humane" method.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 25
0 out of 1 points
Which of the following jurisdictions or states in America do NOT have the death penalty?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Texas
Question 1
1 out of 1 points
The underlying progression of the means to execution is to find the "most humane" method.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 2
0 out of 1 points
The term arbitrary means:
Answer
Selected Answer:
acting in a fair and consistent manner.
Question 3
1 out of 1 points
Executions are generally carried out soon after the death penalty sentence.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 4
1 out of 1 points
The first person to be executed by lethal gas was William Kemmler in the Auburn Penitentiary, NY, in 1890.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 5
1 out of 1 points
Approximately how many documented executions have been performed in America since 1608?
Answer
Selected Answer:
19,500
Question 6
0 out of 1 points
Who is theperson who signals for the executioner to throw the switch to activate the electrical system?
Answer
Selected Answer:
The Director of the State Department of Corrections
Question 7
1 out of 1 points
Many death row inmates profess their innocence but none have yet been proven innocent.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 8
1 out of 1 points
What is the lowest age that the Supreme Court has declared a juvenile can be executed?
Answer
Selected Answer:
No one under the age 18 when the capital crime was committed
Question 9
1 out of 1 points
More African-Americans than whites have been executed since 1976.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 10
1 out of 1 points
States without the death penalty have had consistently higher murder rates than states with the death penalty.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 11
0 out of 1 points
Which of the following statements accurately reflects the "arbitrary" criticism of executions?
Answer
Selected Answer:
If death gets inflicted in extreme cases, all murders and murderers are, in fact, "extreme."
Question 12
0 out of 1 points
What is one of the main reasons that executions were done as a public spectacle?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Management
Question 13
1 out of 1 points
Females comprise 3% of all executions in America since the early 1600s.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 14
1 out of 1 points
Offenses for which an offender can receive the death penalty are known as:
Answer
Selected Answer:
capital crimes.
Question 15
1 out of 1 points
The first person to be executed by electrocution was Gee Jon in Nevada in 1924.
Answer
Selected Answer: False
Question 16
1 out of 1 points
A moratorium on executions was in effect from 1972 to 1976.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 17
1 out of 1 points
Approximately 800 people have been executed since 1976.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 18
0 out of 1 points
The constitutionality of state-supported execution includes all of the following concerns EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
Sixth and FourteenthAmendments of equability.
Question 19
1 out of 1 points
The first execution by lethal injection was in Texas in 1982.
Answer
Selected Answer: True
Question 20
1 out of 1 points
How many documented executions of women have been performed since 1632 in America?
Answer
Selected Answer:
564
Question 21
0 out of 1 points
Prosecutors have _________ in the judicial system when it comes to the death penalty.
Answer
Selected Answer:
no role
Question 22
0 out of 1 points
All of the following are reasons why women generally do not get the death penalty EXCEPT:
Answer
Selected Answer:
women account for a low proportion of persons on death row.
Question 23
1 out of 1 points
Which Supreme Court case resulted in a moratorium on capital punishment in America?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Furman v. Georgia
Question 24
1 out of 1 points
Which of the following jurisdictions or states in America do NOT have the death penalty?
Answer
Selected Answer:
Massachusetts
Question 25
0 out of 1 points
Who seeks the death penalty sentence in a court of law?
Answer
Selected Answer:
The judge
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